微观经济学 Lecture 1

What is MicroEconomic?

微观经济学是一门关于权衡（trade-off）/沉没成本 (opportunity cost) 的学科, 追求的是constrained optimization. Nothing is free, anything you do has opportunity cost.

• MicroEconomic is an Engineer Subject.
• What is Model ? Pretty true. Simplify model
• All model are wrong, but some are helpful
• Mom Test level / Graphical level / mathematical level
• The wealth of the nation - Adam Smith

Why learn MicroEconomic ？ Is it helpful for our daily life ?

Why does supply and demand matter ,How does it affect our life ?

prof在课堂上举了一个例子，我觉得还是挺印象深刻的，他列举了两个物品 “水” 和 “钻石” ，来解释了供需关系。水很珍贵是生命之源，任何人离开了水都没有办法生存，相反钻石对于人来说可有可无，只是一个附加的奢侈品，对于绝大多数人来说 钻石并不带来幸福感。 上述的说法的出发点是从需求的角度出发的，我们很需要水，我们可以不太需要钻石。 那我们换个角度思考一下，从供给侧出发，水存储量近乎接近于无限，而相反钻石很稀有，存储量极低。

//水的价格一直都很低，因为供给侧远超需求侧。而由于供给侧远低于需求侧，导致了钻石的价格很高。

Adam Smith :“You can’t just think of supply or demand in isolation.”

Supply and Demand Of Market

Market equilibrium : 市场平衡点

Both customer and producer are happy.

Positive Analysis VS Normative(标准的/规范的) Analysis

• Postivie Analysis : the study of the way things are

• Normative Analysis : the study of the way things should be

  Aution example to illustrate

Kidney Aution Example

• Why prize is so high ? -> positive analysis
• should you be allowed to sell kidney in ebay ? -> normal analysis

Problem of the kidney aution

1. Market Failures. – fraud – imperfect information.
2. Equity or fairness
3. Behavioral Economical

How freely should economy function ?

自由市场调节/ 政府干预 which is better？ 贫富差距/两极分化/

“invisiable hand”

“best of society” : more produced,more consumed.